According to @adam3us, Bitcoin protocol rules are enforced by economic nodes while miners are service providers and cannot change protocol rules, a lesson underscored during the block-size wars. Source: Adam Back on X https://twitter.com/adam3us/status/1963836435426885805. This means governance changes depend on node consensus rather than miner coordination, an important consideration when evaluating BTC network dynamics. Source: Adam Back on X https://twitter.com/adam3us/status/1963836435426885805. For trading, the actionable signals he highlights are proof of work security, aggregate network hashrate, and the BTC price, which originate from real-world economics and can inform positioning. Source: Adam Back on X https://twitter.com/adam3us/status/1963836435426885805.